Abstract: Regional ecological situation of population is dominated by natural resources, environment, social and economic conditions, as well as historic cultures. Building on data of population, resource, environment, social and economic development and the literature, this paper explores the ecological theory of population changes. Policy considerations are discussed addressing development of society and economy, protection of natural environment, and ecological safety of population.

Keywords: Complex ecosystem, Ecological niche, Population carrying capacity

摘要： 区域人口分布态势是由地区资源、环境生态条件、社会经济发展水平以及历史文化渊源决定的。本文在对人口、资源、环境和社会经济发展的数据信息的挖掘和对已有研究资料分析的基础之上对人口变动的生态学机制进行研究,探讨人口、资源、环境耦合与调控的人口生态学方法,为国家和区域社会经济发展、自然环境保育以及人口生态安全的宏观调控提供科学方法和决策依据。

关键词: 复合生态系统, 生态位, 人类生态, 人口发展潜力, 人口流动, 资源, 环境