Abstract: In the process of population ageing in China,rural population has an increasingly higher proportion of elderly than the cities,it has been widely cited as one of the characteristics of population ageing in China.This paper compared China with other countries and reveals that the phenomenon of higher elderly proportion in rural population than the urban is universal in the world.The research finding shows that the urban-rural inversion of population ageing will not last for a long time.With the socioeconomic development,large-scale rural-urban migration and urbanization will approach to the end;the proportion of the urban elderly will eventually exceed that in the rural.During this process,the transition of urban-rural difference of population ageing will experience four phases.In the first phase,the rural population ageing is higher than the urban;the difference between urban-rural population ageing will be enlarged increasingly.The second phase is that the rural population ageing is higher than urban,but the gap will be narrowed.The third phase is that the urban population ageing will exceed the rural area,the proportion of the urban elderly will be higher than the rural.At the last phase,the difference will be narrowed and diminished in the end.The transition model of the urban-rural difference of population ageing implies that the challenges of urban population ageing will exceed rural aging in the near future.Nevertheless,China should give more priority to issues of rural ageing in the first half of this century.

Keywords:  Population Ageing , Transition Model , Urban and Rural Difference

摘要： 在中国人口老龄化过程中,农村老年人口比例日益高于城市,这是否是中国人口老龄化过程中的特有现象?本文对中国和其他国家人口老龄化过程中城乡人口老龄化的差异进行了比较研究。结果表明,在人口老龄化过程中,许多国家普遍地表现出农村人口老龄化程度高于城市的特点,即城乡倒置明显。进一步研究表明,人口老龄化城乡倒置只是人口老龄化过程中的一个阶段,它不会长期持续。当社会经济发展达到一定水平,大规模的城乡人口迁移基本完成,城市化水平大幅提高,人口因素发生改变时,人口老龄化程度农村高于城市的城乡倒置状况将发生转变,即城市老年人口比例最终将超过农村。

关键词: 人口老龄化 , 转变模型 , 城乡差异