Abstract: This paper examines and evaluates livelihood capital and development capacity of families obeying the family planning policy in rural China employing a sustainable livelihood analytical framework. Comparisons are made between families obeying the family planning policy and those violating the policy，and families obeying the family planning policy are classified into different types according to their structure of children and development stages. Results show that child structure is affecting development capacity of rural families obeying the family planning policy，and they have less livelihood capitals when they are at stages of nurturing the young，owing income and supporting the old with relatively long period of inadequate development capacity. Development capacity is considerably challenged when the families enter into the stage of supporting the old with the lowest level of family livelihood.  

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摘要： 我国实行计划生育已逾30 年，研究因这一政策造就的农村计生家庭这一群体的家庭生计现状和发展能力具有寻求农村计生家庭生计出路、探讨提高其家庭发展能力路径的现实意义。本文依据计生家庭和非计生家庭两类，并创造性的将计生家庭划分为4 个阶段，根据家庭子女结构、家庭发展阶段和主要任务进行进一步的细分，应用可持续生计分析框架，构建指标评价体系，比较生计资本状况，评价农村计生家庭的发展能力。研究结论显示，子女结构形态影响着农村计生家庭的发展能力;农村计生家庭在哺育、生产、负担时期，生计资本处于劣势，发展能力不足具有长期性;家庭发展的赡养阶段是家庭生计水平最差的时期，农村计生家庭进入赡养任务阶段时家庭发展能力越发受到挑战。  

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