Abstract: Extracted information from medical records of 23839 cases from 12 obstetric and gynecologic hospitals or MCH hospitals are collected，with 10821 cases delivered in November and December in 2012 representing for those before the new fertility policy and 13018 delivered in November and December in 2014 representing for those after the new fertility policy respectively．The size and structure of the two samples of women are compared．The results show that the number of births increased by 20% during November and December in 2014 than in 2012，with a universal increase in hospitals at provincial and prefectural levels．The amount of the second births increased by 62%．The proportion of women who gave birth at 35-year-old or over increased from 6． 4% to 8． 8%，and the proportion of women with a cesarean section history increased from 9.8% to 15．0%． Hospitals at provincial and prefectural levels may need to make or adjust strategies to prepare for the fertility release under the new fertility policy．

Keywords: Fertility Policy, Number of Deliveries, Structure of Maternity

摘要： 文章利用摘录病历资料的方法，在12 所助产医院调查了23839 例分娩产妇，其中2012 年11 ～ 12 月的分娩产妇10821 例，代表“单独二孩”政策实施前时期的情况; 2014 年同期分娩产妇13018 例，代表政策实施后时期的情况。比较两个时期分娩产妇的数量和构成。结果显示，2014 年11 ～ 12月比2012 年同期分娩量增长了20%，且分娩量的增加主要在城区医院; 分娩二胎的产妇数量增加了62%; 35 岁及以上产妇的比例由6. 4% 增加到8. 8%; 有既往剖宫产史的产妇比例由9. 8% 增加到15. 0%。二胎分娩比例和数量明显增多、高龄产妇和瘢痕子宫的产妇增多，提示“单独二孩”政策实施仅一年时间，对生育行为和助产工作的影响已有体现，城区助产医院应该采取措施为生育政策调整即将在未来几年带来的生育释放高峰做好准备。

关键词: 生育政策, 分娩量, 产妇构成