Abstract: This paper analyzes the impacts of adult children's out-migration on the rural elderly households’livelihood capitals by employing the data obtained from the survey of“Well-being of Elderly in Anhui Province，China”conducted by the Institute for Population and Development of Xi’an Jiao- tong University in 2015. It is found that there are significant differences in the amount and structure of livelihood capitals according to whether the elderly household has migrating children，but the degree of influence from children's out-migration is conditioned by the household composition. The migration of adult children widens the gap in the financial capital of the rural elderly living with their adult children， while it compensates the disadvantages of the physical，human，and social capital of the rural elderly not living with their adult children. However，there is no significant influence of the adult children's outmigration on the elderly household's natural capital which is the important resource of their livelihood.

Keywords:  Livelihood Capital, Migration, the Elderly, Household Composition

摘要： 文章基于“可持续生计框架”生计资本理论，利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所 2015 年在安徽巢湖地区进行的“安徽省老年人福利状况”调查数据，研究在中国劳动力外流背景下子女迁移对农村老年家庭户生计资本的影响。研究结果发现，子女迁移导致老年家庭户人力资本减少、 社会资本增加; 但没有直接增加老年家庭户的金融资本和物质资本。虽然子女迁移在一定程度上改变了老年家庭户生计资本的水平和结构，但这种影响是以家庭结构为条件的。子女迁移拉大了与子女同住的老年家庭户在金融资本上的差距，弥补了不与子女同住的老年人在物质资本、人力资本和社会资本的劣势，而自然资本作为农村老年人生产生活的重要条件不受其子女迁移的影响。

关键词: 生计资本, 迁移, 老年人, 家庭结构