Abstract: The population thinking and practice of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is a crucial part of the history of the CPC, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening-up, and the history of socialism development. Among the thinking and practice, the implementation of family planning is a major strategic decision based on the nation's fundamental realities with large population and relatively insufficient resources. It is also an important chapter of the one hundred year of glorious history of the CPC. In order to understand and grasp China's population situation in the new period with the significant changes of population development and the gradual adjustment and improvement of the fertility policy, especially the implementation of the threechild policy and its supporting measures, we should especially attach great importance to the research of population development strategies, strengthen the research on fertility patterns and related influencing factors under the new social and economic environment, enhance the research on national strategies for positive response to population ageing, increase the research on population migration and social integration, consolidate the research on profound impact of scientific and technological progress on population development, and reinforce the study on connotation and realization of the basic state policy of family planning in the new era.

Keywords: The Communist Party of China, Population Thoughts, Family Planning, Population Ageing, Strategic Study on Population Development

摘要： 中国共产党的人口思想和实践是中国共产党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史的重要组成部分。其中，实行计划生育是基于中国人口众多、资源相对不足的基本国情作出的一项重大战略决策，是中国共产党百年辉煌历程的重要华章。随着中国人口发展形势的重大变化和生育政策的逐步调整完善，特别是三孩生育政策及配套支持措施的实施，应该高度重视人口发展战略研究，认识和把握新时代的中国人口国情，加强新的经济社会环境下生育模式及相关影响因素研究，加强积极应对人口老龄化国家战略研究，加强人口迁移流动和社会融合研究，加强科技进步对人口发展深刻影响的研究，加强新时代计划生育基本国策内涵及实现方式的研究。

关键词: 中国共产党, 人口思想, 计划生育, 人口老龄化, 人口发展战略研究