Abstract: Based on the national census data since 1982, combined with the methods and indicators such as migration participation rate, visibility of floating population, distribution of floating population, and interprovincial migration flow, this paper comprehensively summarizes the spatial development of floating population from the perspectives of departure areas, destination areas, and flow directions. Meanwhile, the paper further discusses the evolution and recent characteristics of China's migration transition based on the gender structure, age structure, educational structure, urban and rural structure, the separation of living place and household registration, the migration of ethnic minorities, and the situation of crossborder migration. The results show that high population mobility has become the new normal of China's population characteristics. The process of migration transition varies across different regions, while some regions has already entered a new phase of migration transition. During the past 40 years, the internal structure of China's floating population has changed rapidly, and the new characteristics have started to emerge. China's migration transition has been and will continue to be a comprehensive, multi-level, and diversified process.

摘要： 利用1982年以来历次全国人口普查数据，结合人口流动参与度、流动人口能见度、流动人口分布、跨省迁移流等方法和指标，从流出地、流入地、流向的视角对中国流动人口的空间演变情况进行全面总结。同时，从流动人口的性别结构、年龄结构、教育结构、城乡结构、人户分离情况、少数民族人口流动情况、跨国（境）流动情况出发，论述中国人口迁移转变的发展脉络和新特点。研究结果显示，人口的高流动性已然成为中国人口格局的新常态，不同地区人口迁移转变的进程不一，部分地区开始进入人口迁移转变的新阶段。改革开放40多年来，中国流动人口内部结构迅速变化，新特点逐渐显现，中国的人口迁移已经经历并将延续全方位、多层次、多元化的转变历程。

关键词: 人口普查, 人口流动参与度, 流动人口能见度, 迁移流, 流动人口结构