Abstract: China has witnessed a low total fertility rate for decades; thus, it is imperative to build a fertility support policy system based on the experience of other lowfertility countries. Drawing on a constructed longitudinal dataset, we investigate the associations of different fertility support policy combinations with a fertility rebound and the moderating effects of gender equality on these associations. We find that policy combinations supporting the dualearners model are more conducive to fertility rebound, compared to those supporting the malebreadwinner model. Economic support policies have a stable positive relationship with the total fertility rate, while the effects of service and time support policies are contingent upon gender equality. Specifically, the effects of service and time support policies are more pronounced with higher levels of gender equality. These findings suggest that we need to consider the coordination and combination of different types of fertility policies, and rethink the value orientation and social background behind the policies, and promote a genderfriendly social environment.

Keywords: Total Fertility Rate, Fertility Support Policies, Fertility Rebound, Gender Equality

摘要： 中国的生育水平长期提振乏力，借鉴世界低生育率国家总和生育率反弹经验并构建中国特色的生育支持政策体系势在必行。以27个低生育率典型国家为例，在构建追踪数据的基础上，分析不同生育支持政策组合对总和生育率反弹的影响以及性别平等发展水平对政策效果的调节作用。研究发现，相较于支持“男性单职工模式”的政策组合，支持“双职工模式”的政策组合更有利于总和生育率的提升；经济支持政策与总和生育率之间有稳定的正向关系，服务支持政策和时间支持政策对总和生育率的提升效果受到性别平等发展水平的调节；在性别平等发展水平更高的国家，服务支持政策和时间支持政策的效果更明显。生育支持政策的制定应考虑不同类型政策之间的相互协调与组合，并深度思考政策背后的价值导向和政策实施的社会情景，营造性别友好的社会文化环境。

关键词: 总和生育率, 生育支持政策, 生育率反弹, 性别平等