Abstract: The declining birth rates, population ageing, and regional population differentiation urgently require China to optimize its population development strategy, high-quality population development becomes the main guideline. The guideline is derived from new development philosophy, driven by reform and innovation, centered around the high-quality life of the people, aimed at the comprehensive development of individuals and common prosperity of all people, serving the strategy of national rejuvenation. China has the economic advantages of wealth accumulation and high-quality economic development, talent advantages due to the comprehensive education system and the strategy for strengthening the country with talent, advantages in factor aggregation through new-type urbanization and urban agglomeration construction, the institutional advantage of the leadership of the CPC, and the cultural advantages of people-oriented and filial piety values. To make the most of these advantages, China should establish a comprehensive and integrated policy system for high-quality population development that covers fields such as science, education, culture and health, support for childbirth, labor employment, population ageing, and population security.

Keywords: High-quality Population Development, Chinese Path to Modernization, Demographic Dividend, Population Security

摘要： 少子化、老龄化和区域人口增减分化的趋势性特征，迫切要求中国优化人口发展战略，人口高质量发展成为核心导向。人口高质量发展是以新发展理念为指导、以改革创新为动力、以人民高品质生活为内核、以人的全面发展和全体人民共同富裕为归宿、服务于民族复兴战略的新型人口发展理念。中国推动人口高质量发展具有物质财富积累和经济高质量发展的经济优势、教育体系完备叠加人才强国战略的人才优势、新型城镇化和城市群建设的要素集聚优势、党的集中统一领导的制度优势、以人为本和孝亲敬老价值观的文化优势。为了利用好、巩固好、发展好这些优势，中国应当构建涵盖科教文卫、生育支持、劳动力就业、老龄化、人口安全等领域在内的全方位、一体化人口高质量发展政策体系。

关键词: 人口高质量发展, 中国式现代化, 人口红利, 人口安全