Abstract: Constructing a new culture of marriage and childbearing (CMC) has been widely valued by China in recent years. However, there is still a lack of consensus on basic issues such as the definition and characteristics of the CMC. By drawing on cultural paradigm and related theories, we construct a conceptual framework of CMC, integrating the macro and micro levels, as well as two dimensions of cognition and practice, and define CMC as people's values and behaviors related to marriage and childbearing, along with corresponding social norms and customs. By using Etic and Emic Analysis, we first observe CMC in the context of societal changes, revealing that China's marriage and parenting culture exhibits a blend of traditional resilience and modern adaptability, demonstrating characteristics of both tradition and modernity. Then, based on the data from the National “Observation Notes on CMC” collected in 2024, we examine the CMC from the perspective of young people, revealing changes in the internal mechanism of CMC. In this context, we suggest that the construction of CMC in the new era should follow two basic principles: the continuity in the historical dimension and the unity in reality dimension.

Keywords: Culture of Marriage and Childbearing (CMC), Conceptual Framework, Etic Analysis and Emic Analysis, Low Fertility

摘要： 新型婚育文化建设近些年受到各界广泛重视，但关于婚育文化的界定及特征等基本问题还缺乏共识。借鉴文化范式及相关理论，构建婚育文化概念框架，整合宏观与微观两个层面、认知与实践两个维度，界定婚育文化为人们有关婚姻和生育的观念与行为以及相应的习俗与制度。综合客位分析与主位分析方法，首先观察时代变迁中的婚育文化，发现中国的婚育文化既有保持传统的强劲的韧性，也有应对现实的足够的弹性，呈现传统与现代杂糅的特性;其次基于课题组收集的2024年全国“婚育文化观察笔记”资料，观察青年视域下的婚育文化，发现婚育文化的内在机制已有所改变。结合当前的低生育率现象，提出新时代婚育文化建设应遵循历史维度上的连续性和现实维度上的统一性两个基本原则。

关键词: 婚育文化, 概念框架, 客位分析与主位分析, 低生育率