Abstract: Reconstructing the concept of family can better respond to the challenges posed by low fertility and the transitional society in this era. The article traces the formation and evolution logic of the concept of family, reviews the efforts made by the academic community so far to reconstruct the concept, and puts forward the redefined concept. The concept of “family” in China was formed through a hybrid system and ideological framework that emerged from the dual logic of the “family” in the patriarchal system and the “household” in governance, and was shaped by the transplantation of modern concepts and the changes in contemporary society. The evolution of the Western concept of family provides a necessary historical reference for understanding the institutional dependence and cultural adaptation issues of the concept of family generally used in China. The academic community both at home and abroad are reconfiguring the family in terms of theory, methods, and policy adjustments, with focus shifting from “household” to “kinship”. The article redefines the concept of family as: “A network of resource sharing and risk allocation formed by individuals connected through kinship and quasi-kinship relationships such as marriage, blood ties, or adoption”, which can be illustrated as a nested circle that expands from the inside out, consisting of “household-shared family—functional family—kinship circle family”.

Keywords: Concept of Family, Household, Kinship, Low Fertility, Transitional Society

摘要： 家庭概念重构可更好地回应低生育率与转型社会的时代挑战。文章回溯家庭概念的形成与演变逻辑，梳理学界迄今对家庭概念重构的努力，提出重新界定的家庭概念。中国的“家庭”概念是在宗法之“家”与治理之“户”的双重逻辑下，经由近代概念移植与当代社会变迁形成的混合型制度与观念体系，西方家庭概念的演变为理解当下中国家庭概念的制度依赖与文化适配问题提供了必要的历史镜鉴。国内外学界在理论、方法和政策调适3个方面对家庭进行重构，从强调“住户”转向重视“亲属关系”。文章重新界定家庭概念为：“由婚姻、血缘或收养等亲属及拟亲属关系所连接的个体组成的资源共享与风险分担网络”，可将其图示为一个由“共住型家庭—功能性家庭—亲属圈家庭”由内而外依次展开的嵌套圆结构。

关键词: 家庭概念, 住户, 亲属关系, 低生育率, 转型社会