Abstract: Multi-dimensions and various mechanism of social mobility can be understood by an analysisof the role of assortative mating.  Based on the data of China General Social Survey in 2006 (CGSS 2006) and by employing the Probit model as well as the Binary Endogenous Ｒegressor Probit model，this paper explores changes in features and affecting factors of assortative mating of rural females over time. This paper has come up with several profound findings. First，for rural females，marriage produces very limited effects on their upward social mobility. Second，achieved factors generate more remarkable effects on the hypergamy opportunity compared with birth-ascribed factors. Third，hukou conversion from the rural to urban status，an indication of social mobility，impacts positively on the possibility of hypergamy. Fourth，the influence of the urbanhukou on social mobility has been gradually weakened with changes in socioeconomic meanings of thehukou categories. This paper also demonstrates that the conceptual and practical meanings of social mobility by hypergamy vary under different historical backgrounds.

Keywords: Rural Females, Assortative Mating, Social Mobility, hukou Conversion

摘要： 对婚姻匹配的考察有助于理解社会流动的多元维度和机制。文章利用中国社会综合调查(CGSS 2006) 数据，通过Probit 模型和二分类内生性概率回归模型实证分析了农村女性的婚姻匹配变化和影响因素。研究结果显示，农村女性的向上社会流动渠道依然狭窄，婚姻在向上的社会流动中仅发挥有限功能;由于家庭可利用资源匮乏，“后致因素”较“先赋因素”对农村女性上迁婚姻的机会更具显著效应;以户口农转非衡量的社会流动对以上迁婚姻衡量的社会流动有积极作用，父亲或本人具有城市户口者在社会流动上具有相对优势，但这种相对优势有随着户口类型的社会经济意义的改变而逐步弱化的倾向;文章的研究还显示，上迁婚姻的社会流动含义随着时代的变化而不同。

关键词: 农村女性, 婚姻匹配, 社会流动, 户籍转变