Abstract: This article explores population long-term balanced development for national defense according to the strategic goals set at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China．Three major issues are discussed．Firstly，the concept and connotation of the long-term equilibrium development of national defense population are defined，in which population long -term equilibrium is equal to population“long-term safety”including quality balance，quantity balance and population structure equilibrium．And“quantity equilibrium”needs to be considered in both absolute and relative terms．Secondly，the“non-equilibrium”situation of national defense population is examined from the perspective of quality and quantity．Thirdly，policy suggestions in promoting the national defense population equilibrium are proposed with regard to population regulation，human resource development and social security．

Keywords:  National Defense Population, Long-term Equilibrium, Quality Balance}Quantity Balance, Structure Equilibrium

摘要： 文章以十八大提出“促进人口长期均衡发展”的战略目标为依据，从三个方面论述了促进国防人口长期均衡发展的问题。一是提出并论述了国防人口长期均衡发展的基本内涵，认为国防人口长期均衡就是国防人口的“长期安全”，包括数量均衡、质量均衡、结构均衡。而数量均衡不仅指绝对量均衡，而且指相对量均衡。二是从量和质两个方面分析了当前我国国防人口的“非均衡”状态，认为，在量的方面，“供给短缺”是不可忽视的客观现实; 在质的方面，身体素质偏低成为影响部队战斗力的重要因素。三是从人口学角度提出了促进国防人口长期均衡发展的对策建议，主要包括完善人口调节、人力资源开发和人口社会保障等政策，并强调各项政策制度必须密切协调和合理搭配。

关键词: 国防人口, 长期均衡发展, 数量均衡, 质量均衡, 结构均衡