Abstract: The family care burden for female caregivers is becoming heavier with the population aging．Using data of the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey，this paper identifies the influence of family care on female labor force participation rate with a two-stage residual inclusion( 2SR I) model． There is an endogeneity problem which leads to an underestimate of the influence of family care on female labor force participation rate，and the two-stage least squares and two-stage predictor substitution would overstate the negative effect on labor force participation．The 2SRI estimator is consistent and effective to solve endogeneity in nonlinear models．The family elder care significantly reduces female la- bor force participation rate by 12． 46% ．In addition，the impact on labor force participation is greater among women living in rural areas，living with parents and having few siblings．

摘要： 人口老龄化背景下女性照料者的家庭照料负担日益加重。文章基于中国健康与营养调查2009年数据,利用两阶段残差介入法探讨从事家庭老年照料活动对女性劳动参与决策的影响。结果表明,家庭老年照料与女性劳动参与决策之间存在内生性,忽略内生性会低估照料责任对劳动参与率的负向影响;两阶段最小二乘法和两阶段预测值替代法会高估照料父母公婆对女性劳动参与率的负向影响程度;两阶段残差介入法是解决非线性模型内生性的有效且一致的估计方法,女性从事家庭老年照料活动使劳动参与率显著下降12.46%;这种对就业决策产生的负面影响在城镇女性、与父母公婆同住以及兄弟姐妹数量少的女性中表现的更为严重。文章的结论为我国制定支持家庭老年照料的相关政策提供科学依据。 

关键词: 家庭老年照料, 劳动参与率, 两阶段残差介入法