Abstract: Using the panel data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study，this paper examines the impact of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) policy on the co-residence pattern of the elderly and their children.We find that the policy has significantly reduced the probability of co-residence and thus shocked the co-resident model in China’s rural area.Taking the elderly’s characteristics into consideration，the result suggests that the elderly would be more sensitive to the policy if they were in low-income status and not widowed.Furthermore，when matching the residence intention and living arrangement of the older people，it is found that the policy significantly increases the possibility of living alone，thus reducing the dependency on support from children.In order to promote the welfare improving effect of NRPS，we can increase the “Bottom Line” of the basic pension.

Keywords: New Rural Pension Scheme ,  , Coresidence ,  , The Care of the Elderly ,  , FE Model

摘要： 文章基于“中国健康与养老追踪调查”数据，聚焦于“新农保”政策对农村传统合住模式的影响，考察社会养老保障政策对家庭养老的补充和替代作用。研究发现“新农保”政策显著降低了农村老年人与子女合住的概率，对传统合住模式产生了冲击，并且对低收入、非孤寡的老年人政策作用效果更为显著。研究进一步将老年人的居住意愿和实际居住安排进行匹配，发现“新农保”政策能显著提高独居意愿实现的概率，即政策降低了老年人对子女经济支持和照料的依赖性，促使其将独立居住付诸实践。为进一步发挥“新农保”对老年人的福利改进效应，可以考虑提升目前基础养老金“底线均等”的水平。同时，大力发展社区养老服务中心、培育照料市场将有助于解决农村养老问题。

关键词: 新农保 , 共同居住 , 老年人照料 , 固定效应模型