Abstract: This article introduces the process of the 2017 China Fertility Survey from the perspective of data quality control.The individual questionnaire includes four sections:fertility desire,fertility behavior,childbearing and its services,and the determinants of fertility behavior.The sampling method is the three-stage probabilities proportional to size (PPS).The survey is applied with Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI),which plays an important role in the quality control of questionnaire designning,interviewers training,last-stage sampling,interviewing,and questionnaire review.After the on-site survey,the survey results are compared with the relevant registration data in the population and family planning data repository,and the inconsistent data are fed back to the local supervisors for verification.In order to correct the potential sample structure bias caused by some defects in the sampling frame,ex post facto weighting is applied based on relevant data.In the future,the sampling frame may still be subject to distortions because of population migration.Regarding these issues,this paper makes suggestions for improvement.

Keywords: Fertility Survey ,  , Quality Control ,  , Ex Post Facto Weighting

摘要： 文章以质量控制为中心系统介绍了2017年全国生育状况抽样调查的各主要调查环节。调查内容包括生育意愿、生育行为、生育养育服务、影响生育状况的主要因素4部分。采用分层、三阶段、概率比例抽样(PPS)抽样方法。本次调查全面使用计算机辅助面访系统(CAPI)，在问卷设计、人员培训、末端抽样、入户过程、问卷审核等全流程的质量控制中发挥了显著作用。调查结束后进行事后质量抽查，并将调查数据与人口和计划生育数据资源库中的相关行政记录进行比对，对不一致情况反馈基层督导员进行核查确认。为了克服由抽样框的缺陷所导致的样本结构偏性，本次调查根据相关数据进行了事后加权。调查获得准确个人信息的方法值得借鉴，今后抽样框仍可能受制人口流动等因素发生偏误，文章给出了改进意见。

关键词: 生育调查 , 质量控制 ,  事后加权