Abstract: The 7th Population Census has achieved the lowest underreporting rate in history and is therefore a highquality census. The improved quality of the data is not only due to the great social organization and mobilization capacity of the Chinese government, but also closely related to the new measures adopted in this census, including digital data collection, additional channels for respondents to register online, matching and verifying data by using administrative records across multiple sectors, and ID number collection. The 7th Population Census reflects new “changes” in the population, which may improve the knowledge of objective facts about the population. The current population of China is characterized by “a larger total population, a higher proportion of the young and of the elderly, and a lower proportion of the working-age population”.

Keywords: Population Census, Data Quality, Digital Data Collection, ID Number, New Population “Changes”

摘要： 第七次全国人口普查漏报率达到历史最低水平，是一次高质量的普查。七普质量的提高既得益于中国政府巨大的社会组织和动员能力，也与此次普查采用电子化方式采集数据、增设普查对象互联网自主填报通道、加强多部门行政记录数据比对、增加身份证号码采集等新措施密切相关。七普数据体现了中国人口的新“变化”，有助于形成对中国人口客观事实的新认识，即当前中国人口呈现出“总量增多、两头上翘、中间塌陷”的状况。

关键词: 人口普查, 数据质量, 电子化数据采集, 身份证号码, 人口新“变化”