Abstract: Based on data of population censuses in China, this paper briefly describes the development process of the ethnic minority population, discusses the trends and differences in the populations of the ethnic groups in China, and analyzes the characteristics and changes of regional distribution, age structure, mobility, intermarriage and education of the ethnic minorities in China. Combined with the 7th population census bulletin, the paper provides a preliminary judgment on the population situation of China's ethnic minorities in 2020.

Keywords: Population Census, Ethnic Minority Population, Population Growth, Population Distribution

摘要： 利用历次中国人口普查数据，简要回顾中国少数民族人口发展历程，论述中国各民族人口数量及人口增长趋势的差异性，探讨中国少数民族人口的地区分布、年龄结构、流动水平、族际通婚及受教育水平的特征与变化趋势，并结合第七次全国人口普查数据，对2020年中国少数民族人口态势给出初步判断。

关键词: 人口普查, 少数民族人口, 人口增长, 人口分布