Abstract: The unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan refer to the “indigenous peoples” who have lived in Yunnan for generations. Before the 1980s, almost all of these ethnic groups resided in Yunnan Province. With the reform and opening up and increased population mobility throughout the country, these minority populations began to migrate outside of Yunnan province, ushering in an era of integration into the broader Chinese nation. Census data show that by 2020, the proportion of the population living in Yunnan among the 15 unique ethnic minorities nationwide has dropped to 88.93%, which is 10.09 percentage points lower than that in 1982. It was found that the inter-provincial migration of these minorities preferred Guizhou and Sichuan province, followed by Guangdong, Zhejiang, and other eastern developed provinces. According to the study, the leading factors contributing to the continuous increase in inter-provincial migration among Yunnan's ethnic minorities are not only the rise in population migration, but also the natural growth of these ethnic groups outside the province, as well as shifts in population distribution between provinces and among ethnic groups due to changes in administrative divisions and ethnic composition.

Keywords: The Unique Ethnic Minorities of Yunnan, Inter-provincial Mobility, Concentrated Settlement, Scattered Settlement, Population Census Data

摘要： 云南特有少数民族是指世代居住在云南的“土著民族”。20世纪80年代之前，这些民族的人口几乎全都聚居在云南省内。伴随改革开放和人口流动，云南特有少数民族人口开始走出封闭的栖息地并向省外扩散，开启了融入中华民族大家庭的时代进程。2020年第七次全国人口普查数据显示，云南15个特有少数民族中居住在云南的人口占全国这15个少数民族总人口的比重下降到88.93%，相较于1982年第三次全国人口普查时，降幅达10.09个百分点。研究发现，云南特有少数民族人口跨省流动的首选目的地是与云南相邻的贵州和四川，其次是广东、浙江等东部发达省份。导致云南特有少数民族跨省散居人口持续增加的因素除了迁移增长外，还包括这些民族在省外居住地的自然增长，以及由行政区划分割和民族成份改变带来的区域间或族群间人口的此消彼长变化。

关键词: 云南特有少数民族, 跨省流动, 聚居, 散居, 人口普查数据