Abstract: As a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation emerges globally, artificial intelligence (AI) is evolving at an accelerated pace, profoundly impacting global economic and social development as well as the advancement of human civilization. The study reveals that, unlike technological innovations of the Industrial Revolution, which primarily relied on experiments and physical models, AI development is inherently data-driven. A large population plays a crucial role in advancing AI technology, particularly by supplying abundant data resources, optimizing the cost of technology development, and accelerating the dissemination and application of innovations. As one of the world's most populous countries, China possesses unique competitive advantages in the AI sector, especially in terms of its vast data foundation, strong market demand, and diverse application scenarios. To further leverage population size as a driver of AI technology development, it is essential to enhance data infrastructure, optimize talent cultivation systems, promote the adoption and application of AI, and strengthen AI ethics and security regulations.

Keywords: Population Size, Technological Innovation, Artificial Intelligence Technology

摘要： 随着全球新一轮科技革命和产业变革孕育兴起，人工智能技术加速演进，将对全球经济社会发展和人类文明进步产生深远影响。研究发现，与工业革命以来的技术创新主要依赖实验和物理模型不同，人工智能技术的发展高度依赖数据驱动；大规模人口在人工智能技术的发展过程中发挥了至关重要的作用，具体体现在数据资源供给、技术开发的成本优化以及技术推广和应用的加速等方面；作为全球人口大国，中国在人工智能技术开发领域展现出独特的竞争优势，特别是在庞大的数据基础、强劲的市场需求和丰富的应用场景等方面。为进一步释放人口规模对人工智能技术的促进作用，应增强数据基础设施建设、优化人才培养和教育体系、推动人工智能技术普及与应用、强化人工智能伦理与安全监管。

关键词: 人口规模, 技术创新, 人工智能技术