Using data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS), this study demonstrates that physical exercises could help narrow subjective and objective health disparities from famine experiences among middle-aged and older adults. The results reveal significant health differences among middle-aged and older adults with varying degrees of famine experience. Physical exercises significantly improve the health status of those who experienced the longest periods of famine. Compared to their counterparts who did not experience famine, middle-aged and older adults with famine experiences show more improvements in subjective and objective health conditions due to physical exercises. Furthermore, as participation in physical exercises increase, the health disparities of middle-aged and older adults with different degrees of famine experience tend to diminish. This physical exercises intervention effectively reduce health disparities caused by famine experiences among middle-aged and older populations. This study underscores the health promotion effects of physical exercises, advocates for the establishment of a life-course-oriented physical activity service model, the implementation of a comprehensive support strategy for “proactive health,” and the exploration into a framework for the coordinated development of “exercise, medicine, and nutrition.”