Drawing up a recent survey data，this paper examines impact on fertility intentions and fertility behaviors of the compensation for demolition and bonus of collective economy in Hunan Province The empirical results demonstrate that，when controlling for age，education，wage and operating income，the bonus of collective economy has significant negative influence on fertility level and fertility desire resulting from gender preference; the compensation for demolition has little influence on the second birth but has significant positive influence on the third birth，and has little influence on the first extra birth but significant positive influence on the second extra birth resulting from gender preference When using the regression estimation results of nlogit model to forecast the extra births resulting from gender preference，an intensifying tendency of fewer-children in families in Hunan Province would be presented in the next decade.