This paper assesses the effect of Chinese family planning policy on women’s social sta- tus using data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey．Employing regression models by difference-in-difference strategy，the study finds that urban women under the one-child policy have 0．71 more years of schooling than rural women，and the family planning policy also enables the intervention groups to have 1．45 more years of schooling than the control group—ethnic minorities．The family plan- ning policy has obviously promoted gender education equality．With the improvement of female education level，gender income gap began to shrink．But no significant reduction has occurred in the gender gap of return on education．Furthermore，Attitude to division of housework and to marital independence has not significantly changed．