Drawing upon the 2014 survey data on China’s Family Planning Families，this paper studies unintentional injuries of children at age 0 ～5，focusing on effects of mother’s characteristics and of mother as main caregiver．Results show that children’s personal characteristics are important factors that significantly influence incidence rate of overall unintentional injuries and of multiple types of unintentional injuries．The rate is significantly lower when the children’s mother has college or above educa- tional level; compared with farming mothers’children，children whose mother with an non-agricultural job or with no job have significantly lower rate; the older the mothers，the less likely their children suffer from multiple types of unintentional injuries; the probability of children suffer from unintentional injuries would drop if mother is the main caregiver．The work-family conflict of mothers is discussed under the background of implementation of the two-child fertility policy．Increasing fathers’participation in child’ s care and improving social childcare facilities would contribute to family development and children protection，as well as reducing care burden of mothers and of grandparents．