关键词: 单独二孩政策, 生育意愿, 理想子女数

Abstract: Adjustment of the family planning policy provides an opportunity to reexamine fertility intentions of the urban and rural families in China．A survey with a large sample size has been completed about the fertility desires of the second child of the couples in which one side has no siblings under the new two-child policy in Hubei province．Survey results show that the proportion definitely wanting a second child is 21. 51%，with the proportion in the rural families being higher than that of the urban families; the fertility desire for the second child is decreasing with the increasing of women’s age，and is also decreasing with the increasing of women’s schooling for urban families while increasing for rural families．A half of the families which are allowed to have a second child state they will give up the opportunity because of economic pressure．Migration reduces the desire for having the second child and weakens son preference．Relative to the structural risk of fertility accumulation，ultra-low fertility trap should arouse more concern．

Keywords: The New Two-child Policy, Fertility Intention, Desired Fertility