Abstract: In order to establish a population equilibrium society, some problems should be addressed properly, such as population and environment equilibrium, population structure equilibrium and equilibrium between population and socioeconomic development. Natural environment can be only improved slowly; adjustment of population structure is the best choice to better the equilibrium between population, environment and social economy. Severe equilibrium problems that China currently faces are concerning sex ratio at birth, population aging and age structure, education and human capital structure, regional population distribution, urban and rural structure of population, and population class structure.

Keywords: Population Equilibrium Society, Natural Environment, Social Structure

摘要： 要建立人口均衡型社会,就必须处理好人口与自然环境之间的均衡问题、人口内部结构的均衡问题、以及人口与社会经济发展之间的均衡问题。但自然环境的变化是缓慢的,社会经济发展本身与人口密不可分,故短期内只有通过人口结构的调整,使之与自然环境、社会经济发展的需要相均衡。对当前的中国人口来说,最重要的结构均衡问题是:少儿人口性别比的均衡,人口年龄结构的均衡,人口内部不同人力资本结构的均衡,人口地区分布的结构均衡,人口的城乡结构均衡,人口的阶级阶层结构均衡。

关键词: 人口均衡型社会, 自然环境, 社会结构