Abstract: Balanced development of the population is the key determinant of the construction of a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly society.The family planning policy,beginning in the early 1970s in china,precipitated fertility decline,inhibiting the excessive population growth and facilitating the harmonious development of the economic and population growth.China has had low fertility for more than 20 years.Imbalanced development of population under the long-term low fertility generates more complicated population phenomenon,causing conflicts between population size and structure,labor supply and demand,and migration and regional development.Addressing these population challenges is central to the construction of a population equilibrium society.

Keywords: Population Equilibrium, Population Size, Population Structure, Labor Supply

摘要： 在建设资源节约、环境友好型社会的进程中,人口的均衡发展是一个关键。自上世纪70年代初开始的计划生育政策,加速了我国人口生育率下降,有效地控制了人口过快增长,促进了经济增长与人口增长的协调发展。但是,从1990年代我国进入低生育率开始已有20来年,长期的低生育率的人口非均衡发展下将产生了更为复杂的人口现象,引发了人口规模与结构、劳动供给与需求、人口流动与区域发展等之间的失衡和矛盾,成为制约未来我国经济与社会发展的"人口难题",破解这些人口难题是建设人口均衡型社会的应有之意。

关键词: 人口均衡, 人口规模, 人口结构, 劳动供给