Abstract: Drawing on the 2005 One Percent Population Survey data and utilizing multilevel modeling techniques,this paper attempts to identify and understand comprehensively factors at multiple levels associated with the unequal contest in access to public resources due to urban-rural registration(hukou) type and locations of registration.Analytical results illustrate that the levels and probability of access to unemployment insurance,old-age insurance and medical insurance among local urban residents,urban-to-urban migrants and rural-to-urban migrants differ significantly,and that all migrants,regardless of hukou type,have a lower likelihood of having social securities than local residents.Within-group difference is also salient – urban-to-urban migrants are more advantaged in access to social securities than rural-to-urban migrants,who are doubly disadvantaged due to rural hukou and being outsiders.Such findings suggest that both hukou types and inside-outside locations of hukou are important for migrants’ access to social securities,and hukou type is more important than hukou location.

Keywords:

摘要： 流动人口与流入地居民之间最主要的差异集中表现为社会保障福利和其他公共资源的获得。2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据。分析结果显示,由于户籍类型造成的 城乡差分及因户籍地引起的内外之别共同作用于个体社会保障的可获得性,三个人群的社会保障水平呈现出显著的梯级差别,乡-城流动人口处于农村人和外来人的双重弱势;而且,经济越发达,流动人口的社会保障水平越低;而在经济欠发达之地,他们与本地市民的差距较小,呈现出低水平融入的特点。这些发现表明,各级政府改善流动人口社会福利的努力在很大程度上受制于各地区现行的制度安排,而这些制约维系着不同身份人群之间在公共资源可及性和可得性方面的不公。

关键词: 城乡分割, 城-城流动人口, 乡-城流动人口, 社会保障