Abstract: Appropriate indexes and methods is the key for measurement and comparison of population longevity level across the world. This paper summarizes indexes for measuring population longevity level from dimensions including population age structure，deaths，and life table，and discusses the methodology on how to compare regional population longevity. The proportion of people aged 100 + in the total population，the proportion of people aged 80 + in the population aged 60 + ，and the proportion of people aged 100 + in the population aged 90 + are the representative indexes in the population age structure dimension，and the proportion of deaths occurring at age 90 + among the total deaths and the mean age at death are the representative indexes in the death population dimension，while in the dimension of life table，the chosen indexes are life expectancy at birth and at age 80. Based on these indexes，the single and multi-dimensional composite indexes can be constructed to compare the longevity levels among different regions. The result shows that Japan，France and Switzerland are the leading countries in longevity.

Keywords: Regional Population Longevity, Population Age Structure, Deaths, Life Table, Composite Index

摘要： 人口长寿水平的测量和比较是区域人口长寿研究中的核心问题，而选择合适的代表性指标和方法则是进行测量和比较的关键。文章从年龄结构、死亡人口、生命表三个角度梳理了测量人口长寿水平的指标，并对区域人口长寿水平比较思路和方法进行了探讨，进而比较了世界各地区的人口长寿水平。分析发现，人口年龄结构角度的代表性指标是百岁人口比例、80 + /60 +、100 + /90 + ，死亡人口角度的代表性指标是90 + 死亡人口比例和平均死亡年龄，生命表角度的代表性指标可以选择0 岁平均预期寿命和80 岁平均预期余寿。利用这些指标可以构建不同角度的综合指数和多角度综合指数，实现对不同国家人口长寿水平的比较。综合比较发现日本、法国、瑞士等是世界上最长寿的国家。

关键词: 区域人口长寿, 人口年龄结构, 死亡人口, 生命表, 综合指数