Abstract: Under the two-child policy，Chinese families are suffering from increasing burden of child-rearing，most of which falls on women．In this study，we emphasize that the public policies should help achieve gender equity by comparing the impacts of different institutions and polices in developed countries on population change．Though a few policies on maternal leaves in China have gender perspective，they have limited effects on alleviating family members’family-work conflicts．We suggest that the gender equity should be promoted in various public policies，including those concerning labor force participation，education of young children，and Old-age support．

Keywords: Gender Equity, Two-Child Policy, Family Development, Public Policies

摘要： 随着全面二孩政策的实施,我国家庭可能将要面临的负担进一步加重,女性是这一负担的最直接承担者和受影响最大的群体。文章通过讨论发达国家不同的家庭政策对其人口变化(特别是生育水平变化)的影响,强调了在公共政策中蕴含性别平等理念的重要性,并进一步指出,虽然我国在有关生育福利保障的一些政策中纳入了性别视角,但其在帮助家庭成员实现工作-家庭平衡、支持家庭发展的作用有限。由于我国的公共政策中缺失性别平等理念,我国的劳动就业市场存在着对女性的隐形歧视,不利于女性地位的提升和长期的人口发展。文章最后建议,在今后的劳动就业、儿童教育以及养老支持等一系列公共政策的制定过程中,都应当纳入性别平等理念,引导社会价值观念发展。 

关键词: 性别平等, 全面二孩, 家庭发展, 公共政策