Abstract: The behavioral attitudes indicate a psychological tendency of an individual towards certain behaviors and can be used to predict actual behaviors. Under the theoretical framework of multi-dimensional human nature, this study examines how the behavioral attitudes of the aged determine their utilization of social care service by analyzing the data from six districts in Beijing. Behavioral attitudes of older persons towards social care service for the elderly consist of eight dimensions: the pursuit of an economical and practical life, the security of living and commuting, the ethic disorder of the elder care, the pressure of family care, the pursuit of spiritual effects, the identification of the elder care services, the trust on the services, and the effect of mental accounting. The low-income groups show the highest level of acceptance of social care services but also the lowest level of trust.Most of the elderly (i.e. those with secondary schooling) pay much attention to the spiritual effects of the services, while they are conservative about ethical culture of the elder care. The contingency of behavioral attitudes leads to the deviation between the utilization of services and the behavior intentions.

Keywords: Social Care Services for the Elderly ,  , The Elderly ,  , Behavioral Attitudes ,  , Actual Behaviors ,  , Intention of Behaviors

摘要： 行为态度是个体对于某种行为的一种心理倾向并可以预测行为。文章基于多元人性假设提出理论框架，通过分析北京城六区抽样调查数据得到行为态度的结构，进而考察行为态度对于养老服务利用的解释作用。研究发现：样本中老年人对待社会养老服务的行为态度分为8个方面，即追求经济实惠、居行安全考虑、养老伦理失序、家庭照料压力、追求精神效用、认同养老服务、心理账户效应和信任养老服务；低收入老年群体对社会养老服务的认同感最高但信任感最低；绝大多数老年人（即中等受教育程度的老年人）非常看重社会养老服务的精神效用，但受养老伦理文化的牵绊最为明显；行为态度的权变性导致服务利用行为和行为意向相背离，为理解两者的背离提供了新视角。

关键词: 社会养老服务 , 老年人 , 行为态度 , 行为 , 行为意向