Abstract: The population theory of Marxism classic writers, represented by the principle of “Two Ways of Production”, scientifically interprets the universal development law of human society and fully embodies the fundamental concept of “Balance”. Accompanied by the hard explorations of China, the world's most populous country, Marxist view of balanced population has constantly realized innovation and development, and theories of balanced population with Chinese characteristics have been created to adapt Marxism to China's conditions. Especially in the New Era, it has been more profoundly expounded and more systematically explained, mainly reflected in Xi Jinping's population thoughts on promoting the long-term balanced population development to boost the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Under the guidance of Marxist view of balanced population and its Chinization, China has creatively built a population system with Chinese characteristics and found a road of population development with Chinese characteristics.

Keywords: Marxist Theory, Balanced Population, Chinization

摘要： 马克思主义经典作家以“两种生产”原理为代表的人口理论科学地阐释了人类社会的普遍发展规律，充分地体现了“均衡”的基本思想内核。在中国这个世界第一人口大国的艰辛探索过程中，马克思主义人口均衡观不断实现创新发展，形成了以“均衡”为主线的中国特色人口理论体系，取得了马克思主义中国化时代化的一系列成果。特别是进入新时代，“均衡”的内涵得到更深刻的阐释、更系统的论述，这集中反映在党的十八大之后促进人口长期均衡发展、助力中华民族伟大复兴的习近平人口思想上。在马克思主义人口均衡观及其中国化时代化发展成果的指导下，新中国成立以来70年的实践创造性地形成了中国特色人口制度、走出了中国特色人口发展道路。

关键词: 马克思主义, 人口均衡, 中国化