Abstract: Based on the data of national sampling survey on health status of children from distressed families in China, this study explores the differences in child health caused by distressed environmental factors and its relative contribution. The article uses the Shapley value decomposition method to analyze the vulnerabilities and key areas of healthy development of distressed family children. The results suggest that the growth retardation rate and the proportion of insomnia and loneliness of children is higher in distressed families than in ordinary families; children in distressed families are more vulnerable to injury and bullying in school, and the children in incarcerated families are the most likely to be hurt. Family relationship is the most important factor affecting health of children in distressed families. The influence of guardian quality and family economic environment on the health of children in ordinary families is higher than that in distressed families, and the health status of guardians has the greatest contribution to the self-rated health of children in ordinary families.

Keywords: Children of Distressed Family, Family Ecological Environment, Family Relations, Child Health, Health Inequality

摘要： 依据面向困境家庭儿童健康状况的全国性抽样调查数据，探讨由于“困境”环境因素造成的儿童健康状况差异及其相对贡献，使用Shapley值分解方法，分析困境家庭儿童健康发展中的薄弱环节与重点领域。研究发现：困境家庭儿童生长迟缓率高于普通家庭；失眠、孤独感的比例达到正常家庭儿童的3倍多；更易遭受伤害和遭遇校园欺凌，且服刑家庭儿童发生伤害的比例最高。家庭生态环境因素对不同类别儿童的健康影响表现出异质性：家庭关系是影响困境家庭儿童各类健康最重要的因素，特别是对其心理健康与认知水平的影响贡献最高；监护人素质与家庭经济环境对普通家庭儿童健康影响的贡献高于困境家庭；监护人的健康状况对普通家庭儿童自评健康的贡献最大。

关键词: 困境家庭儿童, 家庭生态环境, 家庭关系, 儿童健康, 健康不平等