Abstract: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) hinders women's labor market participation and career development, causing potential economic losses. The socialization of childcare services maybe a viable way to release female labor force. This article uses the national population and family dynamic monitoring survey data to examine the relationship between childcare burden, childcare behavior and women's performance in the labor market, explore the impact of childcare services on women's employment and income, and estimate the extent to which the childcare service system can promote female labor participation, which in turn lead to income improvement and economic growth. The results show that the childcare burden has significantly reduced the labor participation rate and income level of women. The socialization of childcare services can increase the labor participation rate of women by 2-3 percentage points, and the released labor supply and economic output account for 4-7 percent of the current total economic output of women. The comprehensive construction of the childcare service system for children aged 0-3 is an effective measure to promote gender equality and economic development, and an important policy to enhance human capital, promote labor participation, and actively respond to population ageing.

摘要： 幼儿照料会阻碍女性劳动力市场参与和职业发展,从而造成潜在经济损失,托育服务社会化或许是释放女性劳动力的可行途径。 利用 2019 年中国人口与家庭动态监测调查数据分析托育负担、托育行为与女性劳动力市场表现的关系,探讨托育服务对女性劳动参与和收入的影响,估算托育服务体系能够在多大程度上促进女性劳动参与,进而带来收入改善和经济增长。 研究表明,幼儿照料负担明显降低了女性劳动参与比例和收入,托育服务社会化能够使女性劳动参与比例提高 2 ~ 3个百分点,释放的劳动供给和经济产出在当前女性总经济产出中占 4. 27% ~ 7. 23%。 建设 0 ~ 3 岁幼儿托育服务体系是促进性别平等和经济发展的有效举措,是提升人力资本、促进劳动参与、积极应对人口老龄化的重要政策担当。

关键词: 托育服务, 劳动参与, 收入, 经济产出