Abstract: The overall quality—scientific and cultural quality, health quality, and ideological and moral quality—is the key to high-quality population development. Based on the three-level theory of personality, this paper constructs a comprehensive analysis framework of non-cognitive ability and verifies the impact of non-cognitive ability, such as ideological and moral quality and personality quality, on high-quality employment of workers from the perspective of the new human capital theory. Main conclusions: Workers with higher scores in emotional stability, conscientiousness, and openness personality traits will achieve greater external career success, while those with higher scores in conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and openness will experience higher internal career achievement. A sense of successful value helps to enhance a worker's external and internal career accomplishments. Workers with higher scores in industrious experience will obtain higher internal career achievement. Non-cognitive ability maximizes personal utility through career matching, and also affects workers' career achievements by increasing occupational investment and accumulating social capital.

Keywords: High-quality Population Development, New Human Capital, Non-cognitive Ability, Career Achievement

摘要： 推动人口高质量发展的核心是着力提高人口整体素质，提高人口整体素质既包括提高人口科学文化素质和健康素质，也包括提高思想道德素质。基于人格三层次理论构建非认知能力综合分析框架，从新人力资本理论的角度出发，利用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，检验思想道德素质、人格特征等非认知能力对劳动者高质量就业的影响。研究发现，劳动者情绪稳定性、尽责性与开放性人格特质评分较高会实现更大的外在职业成就，尽责性、外向性、亲和性与开放性人格特质评分较高会收获更高的内在职业成就；成就感价值观有助于提升劳动者外在与内在职业成就；劳动者勤奋心得评分较高会收获更高的内在职业成就。此外，非认知能力通过职业匹配实现个人效用最大化，也通过增加职业投入、积累社会资本影响职业成就。

关键词: 人口高质量发展, 新人力资本, 非认知能力, 职业成就