Abstract: Based on the “Yearbook of Immigration Statistics” published by the United States Department of Homeland Security and the Global Migration Stock Database released by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, this paper systematically analyzes the scale, structure, origins, and destinations of international migration to and from the United States from 1990 to 2020. The study finds that the scale of international immigration to the United States is significant, having gone through four phases over the past 30 years: decline, rebound, fluctuation, and decline again. The immigrant population mainly consists of people of working age, with a stable gender ratio. North America (excluding the United States) and Asia are the primary sources of immigrants to the United States. Additionally, the top ten countries and regions of origin for immigrants have remained relatively stable. On the other hand, international emigration from the United States has experienced three phases over the past 30 years: increase, decrease, and rebound. The gender differences in the emigrant population are generally small but vary significantly across different regions. Europe and North America remain the primary destinations for American emigrants, but an increasing number of Americans are emigrating to Asia. The patterns and governance of international migration in the United States have multiple implications for China.

Keywords: United States, International Migration, Migrant Flow, Migrant Stock

摘要： 基于美国国土安全部出版的《移民统计年鉴》和联合国经济和社会事务部人口司公布的全球迁移存量数据库，对1990~2020年美国国际人口迁移的规模、结构、来源地和目的地的变迁进行系统分析。研究发现，美国国际迁入人口规模庞大，在过去30年经历了下降、回升、波动以及再次下降4个阶段，迁入人口以劳动年龄移民为主体，性别比稳定；北美洲(不包括美国)和亚洲是美国迁入人口的主要来源地；迁入人口排名前十位的国家和地区比较稳定。美国国际迁出人口在过去30年经历了上升、下降以及回升3个阶段；迁出人口性别差异总体较小，但在不同地区差异明显；欧美地区仍是美国移民的主要目的地，但有越来越多的美国人移民亚洲。美国国际人口迁移的变化规律和治理方式对中国移民治理有多方面的借鉴意义。

关键词: 美国, 国际人口迁移, 移民流量, 移民存量