Abstract: Based on the 2021 survey data on fertility and childcare service intentions of childbearing-age parents, the study found that the sharing model of family childrearing responsibility is mainly divided into two categories, namely the “male as breadwinner” model and the “dual earner-dual carer” model. Compared to the “male as breadwinner” model, the “dual earner-dual carer” model can significantly reduces the intention to have another child of childbearing-age gruop. The paid maternity leave policy (time-support policy) exerts a negative moderating effect, enhancing the negative impact of the “dual earner-dual carer” model on the intention to have another child, while the tax reduction policy (economic-support policy) plays the opposite effect, weakening the negative impact of the “dual earner-dual carer” model on the intention to have another child. The childcare services (service-support policy) have not produced significant effects. These findings suggest that the government should optimize the fertility support policies by fully considering the sharing model of family childrearing responsibility, in order to reduce childrearing pressure and promote fertility intention through reasonable division of childrearing responsibility among different subjects.

Keywords: Sharing Model of Family Childrearing Responsibility, Intention to Have Another Child, Fertility Support Policy

摘要： 基于2021年“育龄父母生育与托育服务意愿”专项调查数据分析发现，家庭养育责任分担模式主要分为“双职工、双照料者”和“男主外、女主内”两类，相比于“男主外、女主内”模式，“双职工、双照料者”模式会显著降低育龄群体的再生育意愿。带薪产假(时间支持政策)发挥着负向的调节作用，增强了“双职工、双照料者”模式对再生育意愿的抑制作用；税收优惠(经济支持政策)发挥着正向的调节作用，削弱了“双职工、双照料者”模式对再生育意愿的抑制作用；托育服务(服务支持政策)并未产生显著的调节作用。鉴于此，政府在优化生育支持政策体系时应充分考虑家庭养育责任分担模式，通过养育责任在不同主体之间的合理划分，减轻育龄群体养育压力，促进生育意愿回升。

关键词: 家庭养育责任分担模式, 再生育意愿, 生育支持政策