Abstract: From the logical starting point of corresponding structure of the risk factors and protective factors and drawing on the perspective of resilience theory,this paper,by situating Left-behind Children and Migrant Children into the same analytical framework,found that the two groups of children,while unique,share more similarities.They both reside in a growth environment without certain protective factors,which enlarge the probability of risk factors.Based on the exploration of risk factors faced by Left-behind Children and Migrant Children,this paper proposes a policy orientation of "the maximum protection and minimum limits",which improves protective factors,and enhances risk prevention mechanisms by eliminating institutional barriers,and building family development capacity.

Keywords: Left-behind Children, Migrant Children, Resilience, Risk Factors, Protective Factors

摘要： 运用抗逆力理论,从风险性因素与保护性因素的对应结构为逻辑出发点,将留守儿童和流动儿童纳入同一分析框架,发现这两类儿童面临的成长困境既有各自独特的方面,也具有较强的共性,即成长环境中某种或某些保护性因素缺失,风险因素的发生概率变大。通过对相关文献的研究,在深入探讨留守儿童与流动儿童所面临风险因素类型的基础上,提出"最大保护与最小限制"的政策取向,建议从消除制度壁垒、构建家庭发展能力等方面,提升保护因素,构建系统的风险防范机制。

关键词: 流动儿童, 留守儿童, 抗逆力, 风险性因素, 保护性因素