Abstract:  As the most populous country in the world,population issues have always been a tremendous challenge in the process of sustainable economic and social development in China. The theoretical proposition of "building a population-balanced society" becomes the new growing point of population theories with Chinese characteristics,and has great significance both in theory and practice. In this paper,we discuss the issues of population-balanced society from the perspectives of theory,existing dilemma and policy solutions.

Keywords: The Population-balanced Society, Sustainable Development, Population Policies, Comprehensive Population Concept

摘要： 作为世界人口最多的发展中国家,人口问题始终是我国的经济社会可持续发展进程中所面临的一个巨大挑战。"建设人口均衡型社会"这一理论命题是新时期具有中国特色的社会主义人口理论体系的新成长点,更是统筹解决人口问题,实现人口长期均衡发展,促进人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的全面协调可持续发展的重大战略选择。建设人口均衡型社会具有重要的理论和现实意义,值得学界深入研究。本文重点从理论内涵、现实困境和对策出路等方面对建设人口均衡型社会的相关问题进行理论初探。

关键词: 人口均衡型社会, 可持续发展, 人口政策, 大人口观