Abstract: This study  analyzes the trends and current  characteristics of floating population  in  China  and the major  challenges they  are facing ，on the basis of  the  latest  population  census  data． The  research  shows that the  size of floating population has increased continuously  and rapidly ，their mobility  intensity  is weakening ，migration  destinations  are  beginning  to  decentralize ，majority  of  the  migrants  are  moving  with  their spouses and more and more of  them are taking their young children with them ，the new － generation floaters whom were born  after  1980  account for  more than half  of  the  entire floating population． The floaters are fa- cing challenges such as unemployment ，lack of social security ，inequality in children ’s education ，and bar-
riers in  social  integration． This article proposes corresponding  suggestions． The problem of  new － generation floaters and floating children  should be addressed adequately ，and there  is an  urgent  need to  accelerate the establishment  of  social  security for migrants． 

Keywords: Floating Population, Population Census Data, Characteristics of migrants

摘要： 依据最新的第六次全国人口普查资料以及其他相关数据资料,文章对当前我国流动人口发展的主要特征、面临的主要问题进行了分析和概括,并提出解决问题的对策和建议。分析认为:当前我国流动人口展现出规模持续快速增长、流动性减弱、家庭化进程已完成第二阶段并开始向第三阶段过渡、流向仍呈现向沿海地区集中但已展现出分散趋势、新生代流动人口逐渐成为流动人口的主体等一系列明显特征;流动人口面临的失业增加、社会保障缺失、子女教育、社会融入等问题是当前和今后一段时期的主要问题。流动人口将扎根城市并大量存在,相关法规、政策和制度制定应该以此为基础,关注新生代和流动人口子女、重视提高流动人口家庭福利、加快流动人口社会保障体系建设。

关键词: 流动人口, 人口普查, 流动特点, 变动趋势