Population Research

Infant Mortality Reported in the 2010 Census: Bias and Adjustment

Huang Rongqing, Zeng Xianxin

2013, 37(2): 3-16.

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Infant mortality has an important place in mortality research ，which is the beginning of the mortality force changes by age and which also affects later － life mortality change． Analysis of the past censu- ses demonstrates that a large gap exists between the census － reported infant mortality rate and the actual rate as a result of underreporting． By analyzing the relation between infant mortality and economic development of 174 countries of the world，comparing census data with health statistics ，and examining provincial variations in infant mortality ，it is found that there is significant underreporting in infant mortality in the 6th census． Since errors in the reported mortality of the population aged 1 － 4 are relatively small ，we first adjust it by areas ，then adjust infant mortality according to the steady relation between infant mortality and mortality of the population aged 1 － 4． The adjusted national infant mortality rate stood at 17． 27‰ in 2000 ，implying that underreporting rate of the infant mortality in the 6th census is about 78% ．

Major Challenges for China’s Floating Population and Policy Suggestions:An Analysis of the 2010 Population Census Data

Duan Chengrong, Lv Lidan, Zou Xiangjiang

2013, 37(2): 17-24.

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This study analyzes the trends and current characteristics of floating population in China and the major challenges they are facing ，on the basis of the latest population census data． The research shows that the size of floating population has increased continuously and rapidly ，their mobility intensity is weakening ，migration destinations are beginning to decentralize ，majority of the migrants are moving with their spouses and more and more of them are taking their young children with them ，the new － generation floaters whom were born after 1980 account for more than half of the entire floating population． The floaters are fa- cing challenges such as unemployment ，lack of social security ，inequality in children ’s education ，and bar-
riers in social integration． This article proposes corresponding suggestions． The problem of new － generation floaters and floating children should be addressed adequately ，and there is an urgent need to accelerate the establishment of social security for migrants．

Spatial Patterns and Determinants of Urbanization in China

Qin Jia, Li Jianmin

2013, 37(2): 25-40.

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Using the sixth national population census data ，this paper examines spatial relationship and patterns of China ’s urbanization by Exploratory? Spatial Data Analysis． Spatial autocorrelation of urbaniza- tion is a main factor causing spatial? differences of urbanization which also moderates the impacts of other factors affecting urbanization． Using spatial error model which controls spatial autocorrelation for regression analysis ，we find that regional differences in land urbanization ，employment and output in the secondary and tertiary sectors ，and GDP per capita largely determines spatial? differences and patterns of urbanization． An increased level of employment of the tertiary sector has a larger effect in Central than in East China． Unlike some previous studies ，when controlling for major factors ，we find regional financial expenditure ，export ， development of Hong Kong ，Macao and Taiwan － funded enterprises? and foreign － funded enterprises have not had significant impact on regional patterns of urbanization．

College Expansion and Transition of Fertility Pattern:The Case of Hebei Province

Liang Qiusheng, Tian Ji, Ji Haijing

2013, 37(2): 41-53.

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The 20 10 population census shows that Hebei ’s fertility pattern is undergoing transition from “Fewer and Early Childbearing ”to “Fewer and Late childbearing ”． Results from both qualitative and quan- titative analysis show that the college expansion policy that has been carried out in China since 1999 is one of the major forces reshaping fertility pattern in Hebei． 34 ． 7 % of the total range of the pattern change results from college expansion． From 2000 to 20 10 ，as a result of the college expansion ，the mean age of fertility has increased by 0 ． 3 year ，the annual births have decreased by more than 60 thousand and total fertility rate has dropped by 0 ． 1 in Hebei Province． More pronounced effect of the college expansion on fertility pattern would be expected in the next ten years

China’s Fertility Level since 2000: A Reestimation

Yang Fan, Zhao Menghan

2013, 37(2): 54-65.

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China ’s recent fertility level is a long standing puzzle． Scholars have started to question the accuracy of official fertlity data and have heated discussions on the fertility rate since 1990 ． Deficiencies in the 2000 census data made the fertility issue more complicated． As the data of the 20 10 census have been published ，it is of great importance to evaluate the latest data to estimate the fertility level since 2000 ． This paper examines ，evaluates and compares the 2000 and 20 10 censuses data ，latest data from education and public security ，and reestimates China ’s fertility level since 2000 ． Total fertility rates have stood at more than 1． 6 since 2000 in China．

Changing Patterns of Sex Ratio at Birth in China:A Comparative Analysis of Data from the Fifth and Sixth Censuses of China

Shi Renbing

2013, 37(2): 66-72.

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Using data from the 2000 and 2010 censuses ，this paper examines changing patterns of sex ratio at birth ( SRB) in China． The two censuses documented increasing SRBs at first parity ，in urban are as ，for minority ethnic groups ，and at all educational levels ; lessening gaps across the provinces ，between urban and rural areas ，between the Han and ethnic minorities ，and between birth orders ; and increasing number of provinces subject to highly and extremely abnormal SRB． The observed changing patterns of China ’s SRB suggest that in the past 10 years ，high SRB has spread from the Han nationality to ethnic minorities ，from the countryside to the cities ，from the higher birth order to the lower birth order ，from lower education to the highly educated women．

A Theoretical Framework for Group Analysis of Ageing

Yao Yuan, Chen Xu

2013, 37(2): 73-82.

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Replacement of the elderly group has gradually become a normal phenomenon of population ageing in China． However ，current researches still focus on the size and structure of population of the elderly people． Thus ，it is of high importance to give an account of the replacement of the elderly group and to construct a corollary group analysis． This research proposes a theoretical framework for the group analysis including concepts ，theories ，propositions ，indexes ，and applications． The elderly group in this research refers to a cohort group having same experiences ，which is a demography concept． Differences within the elderly group ，which can be explained by the life － course theory ，dynamism theory and chaos theory ，can be attributed to the effects of the environment and social construction． The differences can be measured by the indexes involving background ，capability ( behavior and consciousness) ，and need． Paying special attention to the group replacement ，caring about its initiatives ，dialectically analyzing its influence and adding a perspective of group replacement to policies are among the important areas of applications of the research

Gradient Urbanization: Community Type and Residential Housing of Migrants

Hou Huili, Li Chunhua

2013, 37(2): 83-92.

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This paper analyses how community type ，urban and rural residential committees ，affects choice of residence of migrants and compares housing conditions between the two types of communities． Migrants who are self － employed ，who are wholesale and retail workers and who are temporarily employed pre- fer to living in the rural community． Income is the important factor affecting housing conditions for migrants living in the urban community ，while migration pattern and housing purpose are the significant determinants of living conditions for migrants living in the rural community． Two types of communities with different hous- ing supply patterns contribute differently in integrating migrants with different stability and different employment characteristics into urban life ，which have important implications for urbanization．

Migration Experience in Childhood and Early Adulthood Life Chances: A Life Course Perspective

Liu Yulan

2013, 37(2): 93-101.

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With a life course perspective ，drawing on survey data from “Theoretical and Practical Research on the Rights and Interests of Peasant Laborers ”in 20 10 ，this paper analyzes the new － generation migrant workers ’migration experience in childhood and how it has affected their early adulthood life chances． There are significant differences in major early adulthood life events between the new － generation migrant workers who had and had not migration experience． Childhood migration experience ，migration timing ，and migration duration of the new － generation migrant workers have lasting impact on their early adult- hood life course ，as reflected in later life course events and determination of personal income． This is mainly related to the changes in the social structure in rural areas and family social support patterns of migrant workers．

Does Family Planning Policy Reduce People’s Sense of Happiness? A Post-80 Generation Perspective

Wang Wei, Jing Hongqiao, Zhang Peng

2013, 37(2): 102-112.

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Drawing upon data from the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey ，this paper examines the impact of China ’s family planning policy on people ’s sense of happiness ，with the number of siblings as the proxy of the family planning policy effect． Research findings are summarized as follows : ( 1) The sense of happiness of the post － 80 generation is significantly reduced with the increase of the number of siblings ; (2) Among brothers and sisters ，the number of the elder brothers is the most prominent determinant in reducing the sense of happiness ; ( 3) As for the middle － aged and older people ，reduction in the number of children has no significant influence on their subjective well － being． In the context of scarcity of education and social security resources ，China ’s family planning policy has enhanced rather than reduced people ’ sense of happiness． Hence ，future adjustment of the family planning policy could further improve people ’s happiness by addressing gender imbalance ，ageing and decreasing labour supply．

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