Abstract: Drawing on data from the 2005 National One Percent Population Survey and utilizing multilevel modeling technique，this paper examines the living conditions among internal migrants in China. By highlighting the types and the locations of hukou，its primary goal is to disentangle institutional and structural barriers from individual demographic and socioeconomic effects. Analytical results indicate that controlling other factors does not overshadow the effect of migration status on the living conditions of migrants，and a significant disadvantage of rural- urban migrants is detected. It is clear that national policies that urge local governments to embrace rural- urban migrants in the agenda of housing welfare have not achieved desired outcomes and perhaps even exacerbated their poor living conditions by posing various restrictions to the housing market. Migration as an individual and /or household strategy，while enhancing employment opportunities and income，does not necessarily bring about a better living condition for rural- urban migrants. However，results do support the link between social mobility and spatial mobility in that urban- urban migrants are able to translate their socioeconomic achievements into a better living condition. Also，consistent with the interpretation of standard assimilation models，duration of residence at destination has a strong influence on the response variable，pointing to the diversity of experiences and contexts of arrival for different types of population.

Keywords: Living Conditions, Housing of Migrants, Hukou System

摘要： 文章通过对具有代表性数据的系统分析,描述了流动人口住房空间、住房条件和住房拥有等多方面的基本情况和特点,综合探讨了制度性要素和个体要素对流动人口居住状况的影响,阐释了分析结果对促进流动人口居住融合的政策意义。总体而言,在其他条件相同的情况下,无论是城-城流动人口还是乡-城流动人口,总体居住状况都不如本地市民,乡-城流动人口的居屋面积更小、住房设施更差、房屋拥有更低,主要以寄居模式生活在城市,与安居之梦相距甚远。结合其他相关研究结果推断,居住融合可能是目前最难突破的一个制度瓶颈,也是乡-城流动人口融入城市的最大障碍。在劳动力人口日益消减的情势下,促进流动人口的安居对于流入地吸纳并留住人力资源格外重要。

关键词: 居住状况, 住房条件, 流动人口, 户籍类型, 户籍地点