Abstract: The sixth national population census in 2010 is an updated data resource for understanding the living arrangement of the Chinese older people. This paper studies the current situations and changing patterns of living arrangement of Chinese older people using data from the sixth and fifth national censuses and analyzes cohort changes of living arrangement of the older people. There are apparent developments in the trend of empty- nest families in China. Comparing to the older persons in living-alone families，those who live in the only- couple families have distinct features. Despite the provincial differences，the extended families with three generations living together is still the dominant living arrangement in China largely due to the past fertility levels of the current older people. The results suggest that the percentage of nuclear families will decrease，while the shares of empty- nest families and living-alone families will increase remarkably during the aging process of the population who were born in the 1950s and 1960s. It is imperative to develop social institutions and improve social services for older people to accommodate the changes of living arrangement in China.

Keywords: Living Arrangement, Older People, Family, China's Sixth National Population Census

摘要： 2010年第六次人口普查为了解我国老年人的居住方式提供了最新数据来源。文章在"六普"数据基础上分析我国老年人的居住方式现状和特点,结合"五普"数据对其变动情况进行比较,并分析同一队列老年人居住方式的纵向变化。结果显示,我国老年人家庭的空巢化趋势明显,但空巢家庭中的独居户和夫妻户老人呈现两极化倾向;受老年人口生育水平等因素的影响,三代同堂的扩展家庭依然是老年人的主要居住方式,但地区差异很大;随着"50后"、"60后"出生队列进入老年期,会率先使得以核心家庭为主的二代户比例降低,空巢化和独居化趋势将更加显著。尽快发展社会化养老机构、完善老年照料服务已成为老年人居住方式变化提出的迫切要求。

关键词: 居住方式, 老年人, 家庭, 六普