Abstract: Residence permit system ( RPS) is a migrant population registration and management approach developed in some part of China. According to experiences from the cities of Shanghai，Chengdu and Zhengzhou，there are two registration patterns of RPS，and RPS is composed of three systematic elements，namely application requirement，rights for public service and application for permanent residence. Current situation suggests that there are three prominent problems in carrying out RPS，namely high application requirement，poor management techniques，and slow reform process. Therefore，further reform should aim at full coverage of RPS on the migrant population，lowering the requirement of application，and building the link-up mechanism between PRS and Household Registration System. It is also important to improve financing mechanism of public service，enhance the central government’s expenditure responsibility，and form dynamically updated database. China can improve the function of PRS based on highly developed information technology.

Keywords: Residence Permit System, Household Registration System, Migrant Population Management, Public Service

摘要： 居住证制度是顺应流动人口发展新形势下，一些城市创新流动人口服务和管理制度而实施的一项人口登记管理模式。上海、成都、郑州三市强调实有人口管理，形成了“临时居住证+长期居住证”，或者“居住登记( 不办证) +居住证”的登记体系。居住证制度包括申领条件、凭证享受服务和权益保障，以及居住证人员申办常住户口条件等3 个要件，目前在实施中暴露出申领条件偏高、管理技术和手段落后、配套制度和措施改革迟缓等问题。建议以实现流动人口登记全覆盖为目标，以“低门槛申领，阶梯式赋权”为原则，调整完善居住证制度，降低申领条件，建立“居转常”制度衔接机制，改革公共服务筹资体制，健全服务提供的保障机制，预先考虑各地制度衔接问题。

关键词: 居住证制度, 户籍管理制度, 流动人口管理, 公共服务, 权益保障