Abstract: Using the data from the third wave survey of the Social Status of Women in China，this study investigates the inequality of both educational outcome and educational opportunity，and how they vary with cohorts. There are two main findings. First，regardless of gender，the degree of inequality of educational
outcome increases with cohorts，but the acceleration rate tends to decrease. This trend mainly results from the increase in both of the inequality of opportunity and the weight of importance which is due to the expansion of population at risk and the raised expected gain at the junior-to-senior high school transition. Second，among all cohorts，inequality of educational outcome for men is lower than for women，because women experience higher inequality of opportunity at all transitions，but the gender gap at every transition tends to vanish with cohort. The paper concludes with discussion of the methodological and substantive significance of this research.

Keywords: Inequality of Educational Opportunity, Inequality of Educational Outcome, Birth Cohort

摘要： 使用第三期全国妇女地位调查数据，文章考察了教育结果不平等和机会不平等以及它们如何随着队列推移而变动的趋势。主要有两点发现: 第一，不论男性还是女性，教育结果不平等程度均随着队列的推移而上升，但幅度呈减弱的趋势; 该上升态势的原因主要在于，随着队列推移，初中升高中这一转换层级上的机会不平等程度不断上升，同时，处于该层级转换的人口比例提高、通过该层级转换的预期收益增加使得该层级的重要性也不断上升。第二，在所有队列中，男性的教育结果不平等始终低于女性，这主要是由于女性在不同转换层级上始终面临着更大的机会不平等，而各级转换重要性的性别差异随着队列推移已趋于消失。最后讨论了文章所具有的方法论和实质意义。

关键词: 教育机会不平等, 教育结果不平等, 出生队列