Abstract: This study aims at investigating parenthood attitude toward adult children’s second birth under the“two-child”policy based on the Beijing Empty Nest Family Survey in 2015．The survey shows that the elderly present high awareness rate of the“two-child”policy; old parents who support，oppose to，or hold the idea of non-interference to their married children’s second birth account for one third re- spectively; almost 70% of the elderly would support their adult children’s second birth through economic assistance or child care; utilitarian purposes，such as old age care，are no longer primary reasons for second birth; economic cost，concern about mothers’or baby’s health and lack of child care resources become the top three factors preventing second birth．Having a good relationship with adult children， good health condition and being currently married have a significantly positive effect on parenthood support- ive attitudes toward adult children’s second birth; open-minded idea on endowment，education and duration of the empty nest period significantly reduce the probability of the elderly to support children’s second birth; and no significant effect is found with gender，age，economic condition and preferable place for old age life．

Keywords:  Comprehensive Two-Child Policy, Empty Nest Elderly, Second Birth Desire, Intergenera- tional Transmission

摘要： 基于2015年底北京市空巢家庭调查数据考察"全面两孩"政策背景下空巢老年人对子女生育二孩的态度,结果表明:空巢老年人的政策知晓率极高,支持、反对和不干涉子女生育二孩的各占约1/3;一旦子女生育二孩,近七成空巢老年人愿意提供物质或劳务支持;养老等功利性目的并非希望子女生育二孩的首要原因,经济负担、健康顾虑和照料匮乏是阻碍子女生育二孩的主要因素。利用二元logistic模型考察影响因素,与子女关系好、身体健康、有配偶等因素会显著提高老年人对子女生育二孩的支持概率,而养老观念开放、受教育程度高和空巢时间长等因素则会显著降低支持概率。空巢老年人的性别、年龄、经济水平、养老选择等因素对因变量没有显著影响。 

关键词: “全面两孩”政策, 空巢老年人, 二孩生育意愿, 代际传递