Abstract:

This paper assesses the effect of Chinese family planning policy on women’s social sta- tus using data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey．Employing regression models by difference-in-difference strategy，the study finds that urban women under the one-child policy have 0．71 more years of schooling than rural women，and the family planning policy also enables the intervention groups to have 1．45 more years of schooling than the control group—ethnic minorities．The family plan- ning policy has obviously promoted gender education equality．With the improvement of female education level，gender income gap began to shrink．But no significant reduction has occurred in the gender gap of return on education．Furthermore，Attitude to division of housework and to marital independence has not significantly changed．

Keywords:  Family Planning Policy, Education Opportunity, Gender Concept, Difference-In-Difference Strategy

摘要：

文章利用双差分策略评估了中国生育政策对女性地位的影响。研究发现,以农村地区为参照组,一胎化政策使在计生政策之后出生的城镇女性平均多接受了0.71年教育;以少数民族为参照组,生育政策使受干预队列中女性受教育年限提高了1.45年,生育政策对性别教育平等具有明显的促进效应。随着女性相对教育水平的提高,市场中性别收入差距开始缩小,但性别间教育回报率差距没有显著变化,市场中性别歧视程度没有显著下降。同时,以家务分工态度和婚姻独立态度衡量的性别观念没有发生显著的变化。由于市场歧视程度和社会性别观念没有显著变化,随着中国全面放开二孩,在未来可以通过劳动力市场政策进一步强化就业平等,利用相关配套政策促进性别平等。 

关键词: 生育政策, 教育获得, 性别观念, 双差分策略