Abstract: At the historical juncture of 40 years since the Reform and Opening-up, we review the positive impacts of demographic dividend on Chinas economic miracle. Firstly, the rapid demographic transition leads to the large-scale and growing labor force, contributing to the demographic window of opportunity. It has been further reinforced by the superimposed human capital accumulated by rapid socioeconomic development. Secondly, under the guidance of Reform and Opening-up strategy, various economic and social policies built on the basic national conditions are gradually explored, guaranteeing the harvest of demographic dividend. These policies include allowing the free flow of labor, developing labor-intensive industries, reforming the system of employment and entrepreneurship, promoting equal labor opportunity for men and women, carrying out the healthy China initiative, implementing the strategy for invigorating China through science-education. Thirdly, the peaceful international environment and the globalization process have paved the way for economic development. Overall, with the combination and matching of a series of internal reform and opening to the outside world, China has become a model country harvesting the demographic dividend and creating an economic miracle.

Keywords: Reform and Opening-Up ,  ,  Demographic Dividend ,  , Economic Miracle

摘要： 站在改革开放40周年的历史节点上，文章全面总结了人口红利对中国经济奇迹的积极作用。基本经验为：快速人口转变创造的规模巨大且持续增加的劳动力以及低抚养负担，叠加经济社会快速发展积累的人力资本，形成了人口机会窗口；改革开放战略指导下的适合基本国情的经济社会政策，如允许劳动力自由流动、创建劳动密集型产业、改革就业创业制度、提高劳动参与率、促进男女平等参与、推行健康中国战略及实施科教兴国战略等，是收获人口红利的政策保障；和平稳定和全球化的国际形势是有利于经济发展的大环境。总之，人口机会、对内改革和对外开放等一系列条件的有机组合和匹配使得我国成为成功收获人口红利并创造经济奇迹的典范国家。

关键词: 改革开放 , 人口红利 , 经济奇迹