Abstract: Based on data from Chinese General Social Survey and Survey of Life Histories and Social Change in Contemporary China, this paper examines the trend of educational assortative mating in mainland China by using log-linear model. The results reveal an N-shape fluctuation. From 1949 to 1954, educational homogamy grew dramatically, while it dropped gradually from 1955 to 1984. Since 1985, educational homogamy has again increased rapidly. Long-distance educational heterogamy was common during the period of the Cultural Revolution, while it was rare before and after the Cultural Revolution. Further, the marriage between people with high school and middle school education and those with primary school or lower degree, which was mainly driven by public policy, was more prevalent in the early years of the People's Republic of China, the period of Cultural Revolution and the early years of reform and opening up, and peaked during the Cultural Revolution.

Keywords: Educational Assortative Mating, Industrialization, Public Policy, Marriage Pattern

摘要： 文章使用中国综合社会调查数据和生活史与当代中国社会的变迁调查数据，采用对数线性模型，分析了新中国成立以来教育婚姻匹配的变迁及其背后的作用机制。主要结论为：中国的教育同类婚程度呈现N型变化趋势。具体而言，从新中国成立至20世纪50年代中期，教育同类婚程度迅速提升；从50年代中后期至80年代中期，中国的教育同类婚程度出现下降，处于一个相对较低的水平；80年代中期后，教育同类婚程度急剧上升。就微观的教育婚配模式而言，长距离跨教育层级婚姻在新中国成立初期和改革开放之后较少，而在“文革”时期相对较多。由“上山下乡”运动所导致的政治干预婚配模式，即初高中层级与小学及以下层级的婚配，在新中国成立初期、“文革”时期和改革开放初期3个阶段较为显著，且在“文革”时期达到顶峰，而在改革开放中期和深化期则不显著。

关键词: 教育婚姻匹配, 工业化发展, 国家政策, 婚姻匹配模式