Abstract: China's negative population growth is an objective law of population development, with a unique transition process and development trend. In the future, long-term and rapid negative population growth may pose challenges to the economy. It is necessary to cope with negative population growth actively by establishing a fertility support policy system, improving population quality, optimizing the spatial layout of the population, raising per capita consumption, and enhancing labor productivity.

摘要： 人口负增长是人口发展的客观规律。中国人口由正增长转变为负增长的过程呈现出转折速度快、出门即低点、未发达先转负的特征，且中国未来的人口负增长将呈现出"持续时间长、发展速度快、缩减规模大、回弹难度大"的演变趋势。未来长期型、快速型人口负增长将给中国经济发展带来潜在风险和挑战，必须加快构建生育支持政策体系，持续提高人口质量，合理优化人口空间布局，有效激发消费增长活力，全面提升劳动生产率，主动积极应对人口负增长。 

关键词: 人口负增长, 生育水平, 政策应对